Based on the fourth survey of the living conditions of the elderly in urban and rural areas of 2015, this paper explores the mediation effects of health human capital and social capital between economic capital and elder abuse using the simultaneous equations model. It is found that the incidence of elder abuse is about 2.70%. Mental abuse and neglect care are the leading categories of elder abuse in China. The older people who are living alone, in western China, male, with low education level, jobless, having more sons, and with more children out of home or with financial difficulties are at a greater risk of elder abuse. The older people's health human capital, economic capital, and social capital have significant inhibitory effect on elder abuse. It can be concluded that the incidence of elder abuse is low in China. Older people with greater health human capital, economic capital, and social capital are less likely to experience elder abuse. Further, the health human capital and social capital play mediation roles between economic capital and elder abuse. Policies aiming at improving the health awareness and economic security of the older people, establishing a diversified social support network, and strengthening the construction of community eldercare services should be adopted.

Based on 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey,this paper explores the effects of the “giving” behavior by the elderly on their mental health by using linear regression models,and discusses the moderating effect of cognitive evaluation on the relationship of the support behavior and mental health. The results show that the financial support and housework support for adult children are positively correlated with mental health of the Chinese older parents,but those supports demonstrate negative effects on their mental health if the supports are evaluated to be demanded excessively by the elderly. For the urban elderly,the evaluation of excessive demands by the elderly significantly moderates the effects of grandchildren caring on mental health,while for the rural elderly,the moderating role is found to be prominent on the relationship between financial support and mental health. The results also support the “ABC Emotion Theory”. Therefore,in the background of active ageing and improving older person‘s role in family,it is important to alleviate the burden of grandchildren caring of the urban elderly and the burden of financial support of the rural elderly in order to maintain their mental health.